Simple In-Text Citations (Parenthetical)

When you are writing a research paper, there are multiple forms that citations can take. For instance, in the body of your paper, you will use in-text citations for the purpose of altering your reader that you are about to use an idea that came from a source outside of your own research. See the example below from the Penn State University Libraries (done in APA style) to see how a basic parenthetical in-text citation might appear.

A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech (Derwing, Rossiter, & Munro, 2002; Thomas, 2004). Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. Derwing et al. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program.